30Nov
ABSTRACT
This study examined the Assessing Computer Skills of Senior High School Students in Education: Basis for Enhancing Computer Program. The study relied on descriptive studies to explain its general conclusions. The sample population for this study is one hundred ninety-four (194) respondents. Most respondents will probably Grade 11 Humanities and Social Sciences (HUMSS) students and selected Grade 11 Technical, Vocational, and Livelihood (TVL) students. The conclusion implies that the senior high school students agree that they have current skills that can used in their computers. They are skilled in using processing software that helps them on making a documents.
Moreover, the respondents agreed and showed that the challenges faced of the senior high school students in improving their computer skills is being aware that they have lack access to computers at home, making it difficult for them to practice and enhance their skills in computers.
In addition, the researchers recommended that teachers should emplies the computer program for the senior high school students that can help them to enhance and improve their computer skills. And they can use it for their education and also for their future carreer.
CHAPTER 1
THE PROBLEM AND ITS BACKGROUND
Introduction
In the technology world, Computer skills is not just useful, it is also beneficial and valuable, especially for Senior High School students who use it in their education. Having learned in computer skills is so useful for students of Senior High School for a reason that they can use it for their good careers and future, particularly in the professional dynamic field of technology.
According to Turkish Online Journal of Educational Technology (2010), Computer skills must be improved to become technologically proficient and to prevent the prospect of negative situations in the career. In recent years, education has started to be one of the fields which uses computer-based technology intensively.
Furthermore, Gusen and Gusen Namdom (2020) defined computer education skills as referring to the use of computer Microsoft Office skills, Internet skills, social networking and media skills, and Digital skills for teaching, and learning. These skills are relevant, useful, in-demand, and universally applicable skills for students, teachers and educational administrators to competitively succeed in this knowledge-based society. Integrating these skills into the curriculum of computer education and teaching students these skills should place them at a competitive advantage in this information-age, technology-driven economy, and information society.
Researchers at Nasugbu East Senior High School want to assess Computer Skills of Senior High School Students in Education. They further aim to gather data for the purpose of making Computer Program that will provide important perspectives on this topic.
Background of the Study
Research has shown that computer skills are now essential to success in many academic and professional fields in this digital age. Assessing computer skills of students in Senior High School (SHS), which are at the center of modern technologies, must have in-depth knowledge of computer skills to excel in their chosen industry and help them for their education.
Simplilearn (2024) stated that computer skills have become essential for success in many areas of life, including education, work, and personal pursuits. Computers and digital devices have revolutionized how we live and work, making accessing information, communicating with others, and completing task easier.
However, there is a lack of understanding about the learning requirements and level of students' ICT skills in terms of computer skills, despite the expansion and growth of computer literacy. Research shows that understanding computer literacy would improve and enhance students’ computer skills in Information and Communication Technology (ICT) to contribute to their education. Madalli (2023) revealed in his study that computer literacy is the ability or knowledge to use computers efficiently and effectively. Acquiring computer literacy would enhance the learning process for students manifold.
In lieu thereof, the researchers utilized the descriptive design to evaluate the Assessing Computer Skills of Senior High School Students in Education in Nasugbu East Senior High School. The findings were the bases for the proposed computer program for students that will contribute to a deeper understanding of the topic.
Statement of the Problem
This study determined to evaluate the Assessing Computer Skills of Senior High School Students in Education at Nasugbu East Senior High School, Brgy. Lumbangan, Nasugbu, Batangas, Academic Year 2024-2025.
Especially, the study sought to answer the following questions:
1. What are the current skills of senior high school students in using computers?
2. What are the challenges that senior high school students face in improving their computer skills?
3. What actionable proposal should be developed to enhance and improve computer skills of the senior high school students?
Scope and Delimitations of the Study
This study focuses on assessing the Computer Skills of Senior High School Students in Education at Nasugbu East Senior High School in Barangay Lumbangan, Nasugbu, Batangas.
The study was restricted to grade 11 students from the aforementioned school who were majoring Humanities and Social Sciences (HUMSS) and Information and Communication Technology (ICT). The data were gathered through a survey questionnaire based on the respondents' answers. The findings were the bases for the computer program for students that will contribute to a deeper understanding of the topic.
Definition of Terms
These are the conceptual and operational definitions of the following words and phrases used in this study of the following words and phrases used in this study for clearer understanding of the research:
Computer skills. It refers to your ability to perform fundamental tasks on a computer. This can include understanding certain software, applications, programs and tools (Herrity, 2023). In this study, it refers to the senior high school student’s capacity to use different elements or aspects of the computer such as using computer (on how to turn it on), typing skill, Programming skills, software and hardware skills, and etc.
Education. Education refers to the discipline that is concerned with methods of teaching and learning in schools or school-like environments, as opposed to various nonformal and informal means of socialization (Shimahara et al., 2024). In this study, it refers to the process of obtaining knowledge and skills that are necessary for senior high school students to use it effectively on their future career and on the environment of technology.
Technology. Technology is the application of scientific knowledge to the practical aims of human life or, as it is sometimes phrased, to the change and manipulation of the human environment (The Editors of Encyclopedia Britannica, 2024). In this study, it refers to the senior high school students to emphasizes the importance of both the theoretical and practical elements of technology and underscores the significance of reproducibility in achieving practical goals.
Digital skills. It refers to the various abilities that relate to technology, including computer software and applications, digital devices and other computer hardware (Preston, 2024). In this study, it refers to the senior high school student’s ability to interact and keeping pace to the modern technology and use it for their learning.
Computer program. Computer program is nothing but a set of instructions (smallest unit of execution) that are used to execute particular tasks to get particular results (GeeksForGeeks, 2024). In this study, it refers to the senior high school students’ program to help them improve and enhance their computer skills and doing school works.
Digital Devices. It refers to an electronic device which uses discrete, numerable data and processes for all its operations (Writer, 2015). In this study, it refers to senior high school student capacity to use it in their living and work to communicate with others, making accessing information and completing the task faster and easier.
Computer literacy. Computer literacy is the ability to efficiently use computers and modern technology. Typically, these skills can range from having basic computer knowledge that allows you to operate simple computer software to more advanced skills (Indeed Editorial Team, 2024). In this study, it refers to senior high school student ability or knowledge to use the computer more efficiently and effectively.
Professional fields. It refers to the career that requires a specific amount of advanced training and education (Indeed Editorial Team, 2023). In this study, it refers to the senior high school students that individuals have a necessary knowledge and qualifications for the role, and it often involves meeting specific standards set by a regulatory body.
Enhancing. It refers to the increase or improve in a value, quality, desirability, or attractiveness (Merriam-Webster, 2024). In this study, it refers to the senior high school student capability to improve their skills and make it better to learned more effectively to use in their future goal or careers.
Microsoft office. Microsoft Office is a suite of desktop productivity applications that is designed specifically by Microsoft for business use (Rouse, 2020). In this study, it refers to the senior high school student capacity to use software tools designed to help students perform a variety of task more effectively.
CHAPTER 2
REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURES
This chapter presents an intensive review of related literatures found to be relevant to the present study. This chapter likewise includes the conceptual and theoretical frameworks, and research simulacrum.
Current Skills of the Senior High School Students in the Use of Computers
Senior High School (SHS) students’ skills in the use of computers is so convenient for them to use in education, especially for their future careers in the world of technology. According to Fraillon et al., (2019) revealed in their study that students’ computer and information literacy (CIL) have ability to use computers to investigate, create, participate, and communicate at home, at school, in the workplace and in the community.
Moreover, Langreo and Solis (2024) stated that educators have noticed that many students are missing basic technology skills and media literacy, such as typing on a keyboard, searching the web, determining if an online source is legitimate, or writing an effective email message which are necessary for success, not just in school and careers but in their personal lives too.
In addition, Siddiquah and Salim (2017) revealed on their study that the students have computers and internet facilities at home and universities. They are expert at simple skills like MS Word, MS Power Point, Searching and Browsing at Internet, Social networking, Email, File attachment, and Computer games but are less skilled or poor on other skills like using digital library, discussion forums, and Blogs.
According, Hossain and Sormunen (2019) stated that the students perceive that they are good in general computer and internet tasks, but at an average level in advanced computer and internet tasks, and evaluation of internet resources. Moreover, their perceived skills in professional software are below the average level.
Furthermore, Haleem et al. (2022) mentioned that the technological improvements in education have made life easier for students. Instead of using the pen and paper, nowadays students use the various software and tools to create presentations and projects for their education.
The Challenges Faced by Senior High School Students in Improving their Computer Skills
In facing the challenges of improving computer skills of the senior high school students is a problem for them but it will help them to gain a better computer skill that can use for their education. According to Ghavifekr et al. (2016) revealed in their study that the ICT use in the classroom is important for giving students opportunities to learn and apply the required 21st century skills. However, the ICT tools that uses of teachers for teaching were limited accessibility and network connection, limited technical support, lack of effective training, limited time and lack of teachers’ competency.
However, Soma et al. (2021) stated that the use of computers in education could improve the Ghanian educational system. However, it was discovered that the lack of ICT infrastructure, high cost of computers and other technologies, poor internet connectivity, intermittent power fluctuations, and teachers’ inadequate knowledge in using ICT tools in teaching were the challenges associated with the integration of computers in education in Ghana.
In addition, Qaddumi et al. (2020) revealed in their study that students in Palestinian public schools perceived ICT to have a moderate influence on their learning. And students indicated that they face frequent challenges such as lesson duration, access to modern devices and issues with information research skills.
Furthermore, Waseel and Yusof (2019) indicated that students and lecturers are not much skills in ICT, other than word processing programs and multimedia presentations. Moreover, lack of ICT infrastructure for students and enough insufficient technical training as challenges toward are challenging the higher education institutions, as well as the gender differences in terms of ICT skills, are identified.
Moreover, Hinostroza (2017) stated that the widespread availability and use of ICT in society, in general, is leading teachers and students to use these tools to complement their teaching and learning processes outside the traditional classroom context. However, many students and teachers lack the digital skills needed to make effective use of these tools which limits their potential impact, can have negative consequences for students’ learning, and can increase educational inequalities, especially in developing countries.
Theoretical Framework
This study was anchored on the Vygotsky’s Constructivist Theory of Learning by Lev Vygotsky (1968) as cited by Lane (2022). This theory stated that learners are actively involved on constructing their own knowledge, rather than passively receiving information from others, also it has been particularly influential in the field of education, where it has been used to inform teaching methods and educational practices. Constructivist learning is often associated with hands-on, experiential activities and constructivists should be scaffolded, or supported, in order for students to be successful.
In Vygotsky’s constructivist learning theory, there are three stages of development: the social stage, the practical stage, and the formal stage. In the social stage, the children learn through their interactions with others. It helps to develop their language skills and learn to think symbolically. This is the time when they develop their sense of self and become aware of their place in society; in the practical stage, the children apply what they have learned in the social stage to real-world situations. They learned on how to solve problems and use tools. This time they begin to understand the cause-and-effect relationships; and last, in the formal stage, the children use the logic and reasoning to solve the problems. They learned abstract concepts and develop their higher-level thinking skills. This is the time that they are able to understand the complex ideas and apply it in the new situations.
The theoretical perspective is applicable in the present study as it comprised of various aspects encompassing components in Computer Skills. The interconnectedness of this concept linked the assessing computer skills of the senior high school students in education. Moreover, acknowledging the importance of this theory would strengthen the crafting of computer program to enhance computer skills of the senior high school students as it will provide substantial parameter for inputs in its realization.
Conceptual Framework
Based on the explained conceptual theory used in this study, the researcher found out that in order to make depth knowledge and careful judgment about the relationships of the variables, it required critical analysis of the variables that can enhance computer skills of the senior high school students in their education.
Figure (1) illustrates the research simulacrum of the study. It shows the relationship of current skills of the senior high school students in the use of of computers and the challenges of senior high school students in improving their computer skills that affect the Enhancing Computer Skills of the senior high school students. So, the impact of the variables is determined. The findings of this study adhere to formulate computer program to assess the senior high school students to enhance and improve their computer skills for their education.
CHAPTER 3
RESEARCH METHODS AND PROCEDURES
This chapter presents the methods of research used. It also includes the research design, locale and respondents of the study, research instrument, construction and validation of instrument, ethical considerations, data gathering procedures and statistical treatment of data.
Research Design
The study used the descriptive research design to determine the Assessing Computer Skills of Senior High School Students in Education. According to Hassan (2024), descriptive research design is a type of research methodology that aims to describe or document the characteristics, behaviors, attitudes, opinions, or perceptions of a group or population being studied. Descriptive research design does not attempt to establish cause and effect relationships between variables or make predictions about future outcomes. Instead, it focuses on providing a detailed and accurate representation of the data collected, which can be useful for generating hypotheses, exploring trends, and identifying patterns in the data. In this study, the method was utilized by obtaining information or data of Assessing Computer Skills of Senior High School Students in Education. The aforementioned variables were included in the research as it was deemed significant to the present study.
Locale of the Study
The study was conducted in Nasugbu East Senior High School located at Brgy. Lumbangan, Nasugbu, Batangas. It was founded in the year 2016. The school was headed by principal ll, with fifty-two (52) teachers and four (4) non-teaching staff and it has a total population of one thousand three-hundred ninety-two (1392) enrolled students comprises the grades 11 and 12. There are total of two hundred eighty-eight (288) population of Technical, Vocational, and Livelihood students and three-hundred thirty-five (335) population of grade 11 in Humanities and Social Sciences students this School Year 2024-2025. The school offers academic which includes Accountancy, Business and Management (ABM) strand, Humanities and Social Sciences (HUMSS) strand, Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics (STEM) strand, and Technical, Vocational, and Livelihood Track (TVL).
Respondents of the Study
The researcher used Slovin’s Formula in computing the sample size population. Slovin’s formula is used to calculate the sample size necessary to achieve a certain confidence interval when sampling a population. Hence, the sample size recommended using this formula was one-hundred ninety three (194) respondents from all Grade 11 Humanities and Social Sciences (HUMSS) students and selected Grade 11 Technical, Vocational, and Livelihood (TVL) students with confidence level of 95 percent and Precision Level or margin of error of 5 percent. The sampling was applicable in the present study to represent the target population.
After thorough study of the problem, the respondents were chosen using Simple Random Sampling (SRS) which involves selecting individuals form the population in such a way that every individual has an equal chance of being choosen. This sampling method has an equal and likely possiblity of getting selected in the sample. Since the selection of item completely depends on the possibilty, therefore this method is called “Method of Chance Selection”.
Research Instrument
The researcher reviewed various literature in assessing computer skills of senior high school students in education to construct the instruments of the study. A survey questinnaire was developed from these literatures and was utilized to gather pertinent data for the present research
Part l was about the current skills of the senior high school students in the use of computers.
Part ll set was about Assessing Computer Skills of Senior High School Students in Education: Basis for Enhancing Computer Program, it was rated on a 4 point Likert scale as follows 4-Strongly Agree, 3-Agree, 2-Disagree, 1-Strongly Disagree.
Construction, and Validation of the Instrument
The research instrument was conducted under the expeert guidance of the thesis adviser. For the several items we asked our adviser for the advice and kept changing the question until they were just right. Then after the revised, we sent our questions to other expert people who know a lot about education. They looked at each item to check if they really measured what we wanted to know. This helped us to make sure our questions are valid and our study would give us the right answer and good feedback. In addition, this process of constructuin and validation of the instruments is to ensured that the research instruments is both reliable and valid.
Ethical Considerations
Part of the ethical consideration of this study was to secure the consent of the respondents to voluntarily participate. Before the respondents participated in the study each participant was given a copy of the consents. The researcher make sure that the consent was carefully explained to each respondent. It was further emphasized to the respondents that participation in the study was voluntary and that they have option not to participate in the study.
Ethical principles were considered to preserve the integrity and dignity of the respondents.
Data Gathering Procedure
The school principal of Nasugbu East Senior High School and public-school district supervisor granted permission for the researcher to conduct this study prior the distribution of the questinnaires. The request letter (Appendix A) was forwarded to the Office of the School Principal. Following the approval, the researcher informed the respondents of the research’s goal before the survey and allowed for questions to address any concerns. Then the researcher gave the survey questinnaires to the study’s target respondents, giving them plenty of time to complete them.
In addition, the research sought the assistance of respondents to be able to honestly assess their assessing computer skills of senior high school students in education. The accomplished survey questionnaire was checked by the researcher for completion ot the respondents before retrieval.
Statistical Treatment of Data
The following were the statistical tools used in the study:
Problem 1. Current Skills of the Senior High School Students in the Use of Computers Frequency and Percentage. There were used to indicate the percentage of current skills of senior high school students and also to express the relative frequency of survey responses and data.
Problem 2. Challenges of Senior High School Students Facing in Improving their Computer Skills Weighted Mean and Standard Deviation. These were used to examine which challenges had a problem on improving computer skills of the senior high school students based on different parameters.
Chapter 4
PRESENTATION, ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION OF DATA
This chapter presents the data gathered, analyses and interpretation to answer the problem which this study aims to achieve.
1. Current Skills of the Senior High School Students in the Use of Computers
Table 1 presents the Current Skills of the Senior High School Students in the Use of Computers. Based on the tenth (10) indicators which are presented to the respondents during the conduct of the survey, the highest Weighted Mean is the respondents’ answers regarding on being skilled at using word processing software for writing and editing documents with weighted mean of 3.39 (SD= 2.90), qualitatively describes as strongly agree. This means that students are skilled in using processing software that helps them on making a document. However, the confident in ability to troubleshoot basic computer issues has the lowest weighted mean of 3.04 (SD= 2.58), qualitatively describes as agree. This implies that students are confident on their ability in troubleshooting the basic computer issues.
Overall results show that respondents mark “agree” on their current skills in the use of computers with grand weighted mean of 3.161 (SD= 2.691).
This result is related to the study conducted by Siddiquah and Salim (2017), who revealed that the students are expert at simple skills like MS Word, MS Power Point, Searching and Browsing at Internet, Social networking, Email, File attachment, and Computer games but are less skilled or poor on other skills like using digital library, discussion forums, and Blogs. Additionally, Haleem et al. (2022) mentioned that the technological improvements in education have made life easier for students. Instead of using the pen and paper, nowadays students use the various software and tools to create presentations and projects for their education. This concludes that computer programs should be developed to enhance computer skills of the students.
Table 1 Current Skills of the Senior High School Students in the Use of Computers
2. The Challenges Faced by Senior High School Students in Improving their Computer Skills
Table 2 shows the Challenges Faced by Senior High School Students in Improving their computer skills. Based on the tenth (10) indicators which are presented to the respondents during the conduct of the survey, the highest Weighted Mean is the respondents’ answers regarding on being aware that they have lack access to computers at home, making it challenging for them to practice their skills with weighted mean of 3.38 (SD= 2.89), qualitatively describes as strongly agree. This means that lack access on computers of students in their home that makes difficult for them to hone their abilities or skills. On the other hand the lowest Weighted Mean is about being aware that they feel unsure about their computer skills, which can affect their motivation to learn with weighted mean of 3.14 (SD= 2.68), qualitatively describes as agree. This implies that some students don’t have confidence on their computer skills that making them loss the motivation to learn.
Overall results shows that respondents mark “agree” on their challeges faced in improving their computer skills with grand weighted mean of 3.205 (SD= 2.735).
Based on the study that revealed by Ghavifekr et al. (2016), which is connected to the result, the ICT use in the classroom is important for giving students opportunities to learn and apply the required 21st century skills. However, the ICT tools that uses of teachers for teaching were limited accessibility and network connection, limited technical support, lack of effective training, limited time and lack of teachers’ competency. In addition, Hinostroza (2017) stated that the widespread availability and use of ICT in society, is leading teachers and students to use these tools to complement their teaching and learning processes outside the traditional classroom context. However, many students and teachers lack the digital skills needed to make effective use of these tools which limits their potential impact, can have negative consequences for students’ learning, and can increase educational inequalities, especially in developing countries. Hence, computer programs should be implemented to overcome these challenges.
Table 2 The Challenges Faced by Senior High School Students in Improving their Computer Skills
Chapter 5
SUMMARY, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION
This chapter presents the summary of findings, conclusion, and recommendation of the study.
Summary of Findings
1. Current Skills of the Senior High School Students in the Use of Computers
The findings revealed that respondents agreed on their current skills in using computers with grand weighted mean of 3.161 (SD= 2.691).
2. The Challenges Faced by Senior High School Students in Improving their Computer Skills
The findings showed that respondents agreed on their challeges that they faced in improving their computer skills with grand weighted mean of 3.205 (SD= 2.735).
3. Computer Program to Enhance and Improve Computer Skills of the Senior High School Students
The researchers suggested a computer program to enhance and improve computer skills of the senior high school students.
Conclusion
Based on findings of the study, the following conclusion are drawn:
1. The respondents agree with their current skills in the use of computers.
2. The challenges of the senior high school students faced in improving their computer skills was agreed by the respondents.
3. The computer programs are proposed to senior high school students to enhance and improve their computer skills.
Recommendations
Based on the proceeding findings and conclusions the following recommendations are offered by the researchers:
1. The senior high school students should enhance and improve their current skills more in using computers.
2. Teachers should provide more hands-on training and workshops to improve the computer skills of the senior high school students.
3. Teachers should utilize the computer program that are proposed by researchers to enhance and improve the computer skills of the senior high school students.
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