ABSTRACT
This study explored the link between self-esteem and deviant behavior among senior high school students at Nasugbu East Senior High School in Batangas. With (5) participants chosen by convenience sampling and a phenomenological research design were employed. The results revealed that the impact of self-esteem in the livelihood of engaging in deviant behavior are about sense of worth, problem solving skills and social relationships while the factors that mediate the relationship between self-esteem and deviant behavior in the population are about academic performance, mental health and parental influence. In addition, the perceived self- esteem in engaging deviant behavior are about effective communication, building relationship and personal growth.
The researchers recommended that students should have positive high self-esteem to improve their quality in life and help them succeed in their career paths. Also, they should be aware of what others would expect to them, but they should not let them affect of what they want or how they will represent themselves. Furthermore, faculty members should have facilitated programs that prioritizing self - care for the students.
Keywords: Self-esteem, deviant behavior, Senior High School
INTRODUCTION
According to Clinard and Meier (2011) said that deviance comes in all forms from minor transgressions that are barely noticed to major behavior that has significant consequences. What unites all of the diverse behavior is that they all violate some norm or an expectation of behavior in certain situations. Because norms change, so too will the form that deviance takes change. They are bound to be new and emerging forms of deviance.
With the current prominence of remote and online learning due to the Covid 19 pandemic, virtual teaching strategies have become widespread and indeed necessary. Pedroso (2021) pointed out that webinars are a convenient and flexible tool for teaching and learning. Through, webinars have advantages and disadvantage, when used to the fullest, can promote a culture of reflection to further advance the cause of producing holistic students. Whereas if not handled effectively, this might also lead to difficulties and could eventually result in minor deviant acts among students in the new normal set up of education.
At the workplace of the researcher, certain deviant behaviors among students have also been observed through the years, this includes dishonesty in doing outputs and cheating during exams, late submission of learning activity sheets, using gadgets for personal leisure during class hours, and habitual tardiness of students in attending classes. There were students caught submitting subject’s requirement having exactly the same, verbatim contents. This may be due to the temptation of easier access to internet information and ease in forwarding answer and outputs among students virtually especially in remote learning as well as online /modular classes.
METHODOLOGY
This research is composed of (5) participants from Grade 11 Humss students. Most of the participants give ideas on how to show good behavior. The results indicate a person's behavior, and how to deal well with other people.The students' behavior depends on the people they socialize with on a daily basis. Before distributing the questionnaires, the researchers obtained approval from the principal of Nasugbu East Senior High school.Following the approval, the researchers searched for students who could be interviewed, before starting the interview the analyst first asked in which place they were more comfortable to be interviewed and here the researchers explained the questionnaire that a participants should answer.
After then, participants had plenty of time to finish the interview tool. In addition, the researchers asked the participants to help them honestly complete the questionnaire, and they answered correctly and completely.For this study researchers developed a comprehensive set of open-ended questions to be used during semi-structured interviews.
This question is that a person's behavior depends on the people they meet and talk to every day and how they deal with other people and such as engaging in activities.
RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS
Table 1: INFLUENCE OF SELF ESTEEM ON SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL STUDENTS TO AVOID DEVIANT BEHAVIOR
| R1 | Bilang isang senior high school student sa nasugbu east senior high school nakakaimpluwensiya ang pag papahalaga sa sarili sa paglilihis sa pag uugali kase kung yung pagpapahalaga sa sarili yung negative na like, pagmamataas sa sarili sa ibang tao so para yung ugali mo lilihis. (As a senior high school student at Nasugbu East Senior High School, valuing oneself influences steering away from negative behavior b ecause if self-value turns into negativity, like being overly conceited towards others, it affects your behavior.) |
| R2 | Sa tingin ko po magkakaroon po ng kompyensa sa sarili po ay makakatulong sa paguugali ng mga senior high school students na sa pamamagitan po nito ay mas nagiging madali po sila sa kanilang sarili at nababawasan po ang seflsteem (In my opinion, having self-confidence will help the behavior of senior high school students, as through this, they become more comfortable with themselves and their self-esteem is reduced.) |
| R3 | Ito ay nakakaimpluwensiya sa mga mag-aaral sa senior high school sa pakikilahok sa mga aktibidad para mas ma bust Yung confidence nila sa sarili nila na alam nila nakaya nilang gawin ang mga activities na yon at alam nila kung ano ang kalakasan nila at kahinaan nila (This influences senior high school students to participate in activities to boost their confidence, knowing they can handle those activities and understanding their strengths and weaknesses.) |
| R4 | Actually pag dating naman Dito sa mga pagpapahalaga nito we have a different kinds of you know we have red flags and green flags so when it comes sa pag-ugali marami narin Kasi tayong for example kase kung ano Yung ugali natin at pag papalaki ng mga magulong natin nadadala din natin Yan sa school pag dating naman natin sa school we adopt a different ugali din naman sa mga kaklase natin sa mga kabarkada natin so depende naman Kasi yun sa mga sitwasyon sa mga ganitong nalilihis Yung pag uugali mo Kasi nga naadapt natin kung ano Yung nakakasalamuha natin sa araw araw (Actually, when it comes to values, we have different kinds, you know? We have red flags and green flags. So, when it comes to behavior, there are many aspects to consider. For example, our upbringing influences us a lot. We bring that to school, but when we're at school, we adopt a different behavior towards our classmates and friends. It depends on the situations we're in, and our behavior gets influenced by what we encounter every day.) |
| R5 | Maiimpluwensyahan ang pag papahalaga sa sarili sa halimbawa Po sa pag babarkada Po natin, halimbawa Po ay honor tayo tapos Po ay napapabarkada Po tayo sa mga tropa Po natin na Mali Po Yung pananaw sa buhay kung Baga Po Yung tropa nalang natin ang pinapakinggan natin kung Baga hindi na Po natin iniisip kung ano pong naiisip Ng ating magulang para sa atin (Self-worth can be influenced, for example, in our choice of friends. Let's say we're honor students, but we end up befriending peers who have a skewed perspective on life. We start listening only to our friends and stop considering what our parents think about us.) |
INTERPRETATION OF TABLE 1:
All the participants responses are about sense of worth, problem solving skills and social relationships. Table 1 shows influence of self-esteem on senior high school students to avoid deviant behavior. Two (2) directly stated that self-esteem and deviant behavior can be influenced by sense of worth and problem-solving skills. Three (3) said about social relationships. Overall, nurturing and promoting self-esteem among senior high school can significantly reduce their susceptibility to engaging in deviant behavior and contribute to their overall well-being and success.
This statement was connected to Priyadharshini and Relton (2014), people with low self-esteem may have mental health issues, which can impair their productivity. Also, according to Sigmund Freud, having strong self (ego) makes it possible for them to recognize their own.
Table 2. IMPACT OF THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN SELF-ESTEEM AND DEVIANT BEHAVIOR ON SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL STUDENTS
| R1 | Para sa akin ang pagpapahalaga sa sarili at paglitaw ng lihis na pag uugali o deviant behavior katulad noong una kung sagot sa number one kung sobra na yung pag mamataas o kung nasobrahan ka sa self-esteem para sa sarili mo nagkakaroon din yun ng negative effects sa sarili mo like sa pakikitungo mo sa iba. (For me, self-worth and manifesting deviant behavior, like what I initially answered in number one, if there's too much arrogance or if you have an excess of self-esteem for yourself, it also has negative effects on yourself, like how you interact with others.) |
| R2 | sa tingin kopo ang pagkakaroon ng pagpapahalaga sa sarili ng bawat isa nakakatulong po ito sa pagkakaroon po nila ng koneksyon at nagkakaroon po sila ng mabuting interaction. (In my opinion, having self-worth or self-appreciation for each individual helps them develop connections and have better interactions.) |
| R3 | Ang mga kadahilanan na nag aambag sa connection sa pagitan ng mga antas pag papahalaga sa sarili ay nagagawa nila ng Tama Yung mga gusto nilang gawin like sinusunod nila Yung mga gusto nila based sa kanilang mga desired sa bahay. (Factors contributing to the connection between levels of self-worth include them correctly pursuing what they want, following their desires based on their home environment.) |
| R4 | Sobrang Daming kadahilanan Yung mga ambag nila sa koneksyon so for example Dito marami narin tayong napapansin na iba Yung ugali ng mga bata sa Dami Kasing impluwensya non Hindi lang naman sa kamag-aaral ka gaya nga Nung kanina na sinabi ko sa inyo kung ano Yung nakakahalubilo natin na aadopt natin kung Anong ugali Meron Sila at kung ano Yung pag papahalaga nila sa kung Baga pinapalish nalang natin Yung natutunan natin sa bahay pag dating sa school, pinapalish nalang natin Yun para madagdagan na Yung kaalaman natin sa pag papahalaga para sa atinng sarili. (There are numerous factors contributing to connections. For instance, we notice that children have different behaviors due to the many influences they receive. It's not just from fellow students, as I mentioned earlier. We tend to adopt the behavior of those we interact with and the values they hold. We incorporate what we've learned at home into our school life, enhancing our understanding of self-worth.) |
| R5 | Ayon nga po sa halimbawa Po nun ay Ano halimbawa Po nun dagdag ko lng Po sa previous question halimbawa Po nun ay Ani halimbawa Po inaaya ka Po Ng Kaybigan mo na wag nang pumasok pinakamababaw ano Po Yung level na gusto ng magulang mo na halimbawa ay gusto nilang makatapos ka Nang may honor or what nalilihis Po Yun kung Baga hindi mo na napapahalagahan ang sarili mo, nalilihis ka sa maling Gawain. (In that example, what happens is, for instance, let's add to the previous question: suppose your friend invites you not to attend classes for the shallowest reasons, contrary to what your parents expect of you, such as graduating with honors. That kind of influence can lead you astray, neglecting your self-worth and engaging in wrongful actions.) |
INTERPRETATION OF TABLE 2:
All the participants responses are about academic performance, mental health and parental influence. Table 2 shows impact of the relationship between self- esteem and deviant behavior on senior high school students. Two (2)directly stated that impact of the relationship between self- esteem and deviant behavior are academic performance and mental health. Three (3) said about parental behavior. Overall, understanding the complex interplay between self- esteem and deviant behavior is essential for developing effective interventions and support systems to promote healthy development and well -being among high school students. The results of this is connected to Kenra (2021) self-esteem describes an individual's overall sense of personal. worth. To put it in another way, self-esteem can be defined as how much students appreciate themselves and accept the way they are.
Table 3. BENEFITS OF UNDERSTANDING INDIVIDUALS WITH VARYING LEVELS AND SELF ESTEEM
| R1 | Para sa akin ang iba't ibang antas sa pagpapahalaga sa sarili is kung nagpapahalaga ka sa sarili mo pero nakikinig ka parin sa iba so hindi pa siya masasabi na maling oag uugali kasi tumitingin ka parin so opinyon ng iba pero alam mo sasarili mo na lahat ng ginagawa mo is tama na, hindi naman so papasok siya sa maling pag uugali na hindi kana makikinig sa sinasabe ng iba na goods naman para sayo. For me, different levels of self-worth involve valuing yourself but still listening to others, so it can't be considered as wrong behavior because you still consider others' opinions while knowing that everything you do is right. However, if you stop listening to others completely, it becomes wrong behavior, even if it's beneficial for you. |
| R2 | sa tingin kopo mas nagiging nakikita ang isang indibidwal kung ito po ay may kompyansa sa sarili siya po ay mas madali po siyang nakakakilos sa mga tao po at nakakapagkapwa. In my opinion, an individual becomes more visible when they have self-confidence. They are then able to interact with people more easily and develop better relationships. |
| R3 | ito ay makikita sa mga individual based sa mga ginagawa nila kung pano sila kumilos at kung paano nila gawin Yung mga bagay chaka kung pano nila ito I apply sa bahay nila at sa paaralan. 5.Ito ay nakakaimpluwensiya sa isang mag-aaral dahil sa mga makikita nila sa paligid nila like Yung peace sa mga kaibigan nila chaka kung paano Sila makisama sa isang tao and kung paano din Sila makisama sa isang guro. This can be observed in individuals based on their actions, how they behave, how they carry out tasks, and how they apply these behaviors both at home and in school. |
| R4 | Actually jan sa mga maling pag uugali sinabe nga nila kung indibidual na pag papahalaga actually pag dating sa ganyan so syimpre nga sa mga fears sa friend natin napakalaking epekto naman talaga sa ating pag-ugali kapag napasama Tayo dun sa Hindi maganda ang impluwensya sa. Atin for example Yung mga barkada natin Yung mga kaklase Yung Hindi maganda ang ugali pinapakita nila so na adapt yun so dun natin makukuha Yung mga maling pag uugali as an indibidual pangit din naman kase tingnan na ganun na sumasama sa Hindi natin iba Yung pag uugali, syempre maaadapt natin dahil barkada natin syempre kailagan natig makisama through pakikisama so Minsan kase Yung tungo na pag uugali natin Yung maaapektuhan. (Actually, when it comes to negative behavior, they say individual values play a big role. Of course, the influence of our friends greatly affects our behavior. For example, if our friends or classmates exhibit negative behavior, we might adapt to it. That's where we acquire negative behavior as individuals. It doesn't look good when our behavior aligns with theirs, but we do it because they're our friends, and we need to get along. Sometimes our own behavior gets affected.) |
| R5 | Ang bawat individual pag halimbawa Po ay sa kilos Po nang Isang tao, halimbawa Po ay napapababa ang tingin sa sarili , halimbawa Po Ako Po ang tingin Po sa akin Ng asking kaybigan ay mataas Po tapos Po ay halimbawa Po ay meron Po kaming Isang kaybigan na Puno Ng lungkot at nang problema ang tingin niya po sa sarili niya para Pong down na down Siya. (Each individual, for example, in the actions of a person, for instance, if one's self-esteem is lowered, for example, if I perceive myself highly as viewed by my friends, and then, for example, we have a friend who is full of sadness and problems, his perception of himself seems to be very low, it seems like he's really down.) |
INTERPRETATION OF TABLE 3:
All the participants responses are about effective communication, building relationships and personal growth. Table 4 shows benefits of understanding individuals with varying levels and self-esteem. Two (2) directly stated that benefits of understanding individuals with varying levels and self-esteem are effective communication and building relationship. Three(3) said about personal growth. Overall, understanding individuals with varying levels of self-esteem communication, and healthier relationships, benefiting both individuals and society as a whole. The results of this was connected by Darly Bem (1967) as an alternative account of cognitive dissonance, where certain circumstances lead to self-describes attitudes that are a function of the individual`s observations of their own behavior.
Table 4. BENEFITS OF UNDERSTANDING INDIVIDUALS WITH VARYING LEVELS AND SELF ESTEEM
| R1 | Nakakaimpluwensiya ang antas na nakapagpapahalaga sa sarili sa isang indibidwal is yung tingin mo nga is yung sobrang taas na nga nung pagpapahalaga mo sa iyong sarili, hindi muna nagpapahalagahan yung sinasabe ng iba tungkol sa sarili mo sa nakakaapekto siya sa maling pag uugali. (The level of self-worth influences an individual in a way that if you perceive yourself too highly, disregarding what others say about you, it affects deviant behavior.) |
| R2 | Sa tingin kopo ang impluwensya po ng pagkakaroon ng kahalagahan po or pagpapahalaga sa sarili ay nagkakaroon po siya ng maayos ng pagkilos at mas nauunawaan siya ng kaniyang mga kapwa. (In my opinion, the influence of having self-worth or self-appreciation leads to better behavior and being better understood by one’s peers.) |
| R3 | Ito ay nakakaimpluwensiya sa isang mag-aaral dahil sa mga makikita nila sa paligid nila like Yung peace sa mga kaibigan nila chaka kung paano Sila makisama sa isang tao and kung paano din Sila makisama sa isang guro. (This influences a student because of what they observe in their surroundings, such as the peace among their friends and how they interact with others, including both peers and teachers.) |
| R4 | So far this one talagang Yung pag papahalaga natin sa sarili natin so napakalaking impluwensya na gagawa ring na may nakikita Tayo sa kapaligiran na Mali tapos sasamahan pa natin ng sa mga kaibigan natin sa mga kakilala na makikisama Tayo sa kanila na kahit alam nating Mali Yung ginagawa nila so Ayun talaga naiimpluwensya sa pag papahalaga natin sa sarili natin pag uugali so dun talaga na epekto noon so Ayun kung makakasama natin palagi ay Mali ang ginagawa so ganun din ano din kase yun e makikita Rin sayo yun. Kahit sa suggestion mo sa pananalita mo sometimes nag rereflex Kasi talaga yon nakikita nila agad Yung ugali mo. (So, our self-worth really influences us. It's a big influence when we see things around us that are wrong, and yet we go along with our friends or acquaintances, even if we know what they're doing is wrong. It really affects our self-worth and behavior. If we're always with people doing wrong, then we tend to do wrong as well. It reflects on us. Even in your speech, sometimes, it reflects immediately on your behavior.) |
| R5 | Kung halimbawa Po Ako ay ang Yun nga po ang tingin ko Po sa sarili ko ay kaya ko naman po maiimpluwensyahan ko Po ang sarili ko na mas galingan pa through academical purposes kung Baga mas itataas ko pa Po ang sarili ko through expectations para Po mas maganda Po ang kalabasan Po Ng ano Ng aking academical (For example, if I perceive myself in such a way that I believe I can influence myself to do better through academic purposes, I can influence myself to excel further. In other words, I can raise myself through expectations for a better outcome in my academics.) |
INTERPRETATION OF TABLE 4:
All participants responses are about effective communication, building relationships and personal growth. Table 5 shows benefits of understanding individuals with varying levels and self-esteem. Two (2) directly stated that benefits of understanding individuals with varying levels and self-esteem are effective communication and building relationship. Three (3) said about personal growth. Overall, understanding individuals with varying levels of self-esteem Communication, and healthier relationships, benefiting both individuals and society a whole.
The results of this was connected by Daryl Bem in (1967) as an alternative account of cognitive dissonance, where certain circumstances lead to self-described attitudes that are a function of the individual's observations of their own behavior.
CONCLUSIONS
Based on the findings of the study, the following conclusion were drawn.
1. Most of the participants’ answers on the impact of self-esteem in the livelihood of engaging in deviant behavior are about sense of worth, problem solving skills and social relationships.
2. Most of the participants’ answers on the factors that mediate the relationship between self-esteem and deviant behavior in the population are about academic performance, mental health and parental influence.
3. Most of the participants’ answers the perceived self- esteem in engaging deviant behavior are about effective communication, building relationship and personal growth.
RECOMMENDATIONS
From the preceding findings and conclusions, the following recommendations are offered by the researchers:
1. Students should have positive high self-esteem, to improve your quality in life and help you succeed in your career on your own terms.
2.Students should be aware to what would others expect to them, but they should not let them affect what they want or how they will represent their selves.
3. Faculty members should have a facilitate programs that prioritizing self - care for the students.
KEYWORDS:
Self -esteem - How we value and perceive ourselves.
Deviant Behavior- Someone whose behavior falls outside of society’s norms.
Transgression- Something that is against a command or law. Whether you are cheating on a test, or cheating on a spouse, you are committing transgressions that are not easily forgiven.
Subsequent- Comes from the Latin subsequi “to follow closely’’ means that- following or coming after.